United States person. A U.S. resident or national (with the exception of one living outside the United States who is employed by someone who is not a United States person), a domestic American concern, and any foreign subsidiary or affiliate of a domestic concern with operations controlled by the domestic concern. • Under antiboycott regulatory […]
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executive, n. 1. The branch of government responsible for effecting and enforcing laws; the person or persons who constitute this branch. • The executive branch is sometimes said to be the residue of all government after subtracting the judicial and legislative branches. — Sometimes also termed executive department. Cf. LEGISLATURE; JUDICIARY(1). [Cases: Constitutional Law 76–80(4);
head money. 1. A tax on people who fit within a designated class; a poll tax. See capitation tax, poll tax under TAX. [Cases: Taxation 106. C.J.S. Taxation §§ 1671–1672.] 2. A bounty offered by a government for a prisoner taken at sea during a naval engagement. • This bounty is divided among the officers
Naturalization Clause. The constitutional provision stating that every person born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen of the United States and of the state of residence. U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1. See JUS SOLI. [Cases: Citizens 1. C.J.S. Citizens §§ 7, 12.]
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Federal Tort Claims Act. A statute that limits federal sovereign immunity and allows recovery in federal court for tort damages caused by federal employees, but only if the law of the state where the injury occurred would hold a private person liable for the injury. 28 USCA §§ 2671–2680. — Abbr. FTCA. See sovereign immunity
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duel. 1. TRIAL BY COMBAT. 2. A single combat; specif., a prearranged combat with deadly weapons fought between two or more persons under prescribed rules, usu. in the presence of at least two witnesses, to resolve a previous quarrel or avenge a deed. • In England and the United States, death resulting from a duel
female genital mutilation. 1. Female circumcision. 2. The act of cutting, or cutting off, one or more female sexual organs. • Female genital mutilation is practiced primarily among certain tribes in Africa, but it also occurs among some immigrant populations in the United States and in other Western nations. There are three commonly identified types:
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moral right. (usu. pl.) Copyright. The right of an author or artist, based on natural-law principles, to guarantee the integrity of a creation despite any copyright or property-law right of its owner. • Moral rights include rights of (1) attribution (also termed “paternity”): the right to be given credit and to claim credit for a
bread acts. Hist. Laws providing for the sustenance of persons kept in prison for debt. • These laws were formerly on the books in both England and the United States.
citizen, n. 1. A person who, by either birth or naturalization, is a member of a political community, owing allegiance to the community and being entitled to enjoy all its civil rights and protections; a member of the civil state, entitled to all its privileges. Cf. RESIDENT; DOMICILIARY. [Cases: Citizens 1. C.J.S. Citizens §§ 7,